The references below are provided as general educational background concerning erectile dysfunction, lifestyle, cardiovascular health, diet, anxiety, and age.
They do not establish that horse gelatin or hydrogen peroxide treats erectile dysfunction, increases penis size, improves sexual stamina, or produces any guaranteed outcome.
No reliable clinical evidence cited on this page supports swallowing or applying hydrogen peroxide for male sexual performance. Hydrogen peroxide may cause injury or poisoning when misused.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. “Erectile Dysfunction.”
Overview of erectile dysfunction, possible causes, diagnosis, nutrition, and available treatments.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. “Symptoms & Causes of Erectile Dysfunction.”
Explains that ED may involve vascular, neurological, hormonal, medication-related, emotional, and lifestyle factors.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. “Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction.”
Discusses treatment of underlying causes, lifestyle changes, counseling, medication, and other clinically recognized approaches.
Esposito K, et al. “Effect of Lifestyle Changes on Erectile Dysfunction in Obese Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” JAMA. 2004.
The study reported that lifestyle changes were associated with improved sexual function in some obese men with ED.
Esposito K, et al. “Mediterranean Diet Improves Erectile Function in Subjects With the Metabolic Syndrome.” International Journal of Impotence Research. 2006.
Examined the relationship between a Mediterranean-style diet and erectile function among men with metabolic syndrome.
La J, Roberts NH, Yafi FA. “Diet and Men’s Sexual Health.” Sexual Medicine Reviews. 2018.
Reviews research involving dietary patterns, weight management, cardiovascular health, and male sexual function.
Velurajah R, et al. “Erectile Dysfunction in Patients With Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review.” International Journal of Impotence Research. 2022.
Reviews the relationship between anxiety disorders and erectile dysfunction.
Pyke RE. “Sexual Performance Anxiety.” Sexual Medicine Reviews. 2020.
Reviews sexual-performance anxiety and its relationship with psychogenic erectile dysfunction and other sexual difficulties.
Johannes CB, et al. “Incidence of Erectile Dysfunction in Men 40 to 69 Years Old.” Journal of Urology. 2000.
Reported increasing ED incidence with age and associations with diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension.
Mark KP, et al. “Erectile Dysfunction Prevalence in the United States.” 2024.
Evaluated ED prevalence across age groups in the United States and found that prevalence increased in older groups.
Gandaglia G, et al. “A Systematic Review of the Association Between Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease.” European Urology. 2014.
Reviews shared risk factors and the relationship between erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease.
Mostafaei H, et al. “Association of Erectile Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.” 2021.
Examined evidence connecting ED with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular outcomes.
MedlinePlus. “Hydrogen Peroxide Poisoning.”
Describes possible injury and poisoning following ingestion, inhalation, eye contact, or incorrect use of hydrogen peroxide.
Nelson AL, et al. “Hydrogen Peroxide Toxicity.” StatPearls, NCBI Bookshelf.
Reviews potential harm involving ingestion, inhalation, injection, skin exposure, and eye exposure.